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Context: From Kyoto to Cancún

The 2009 Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen did not yield the expected results. It did, however, provide the opportunity to measure the extent of global awareness in terms of climate change. In addition, it demonstrated how difficult it is to arrive at binding measures that are accepted by all of the 193 countries even though they are Signatories to the 1997 Kyoto Protocol.

Indeed, back in 1997, a consensus had been reached due to the fact that only the industrialized countries committed themselves to reducing their CO2 emissions – even if the United States later refused to ratify the Protocol. So in reality, Kyoto affected only 30% of global emissions. Today, the transition countries such as China, India, Brazil, and Mexico are obliged to assume a greater responsibility with regard to the climate. In the future, some 70%of the growth of greenhouse-gas emissions will in fact be due to the developing countries even if their per capita emissions remain inferior to those of the industrialized countries.

This forecast calls for a new awareness and shouldering of responsibility on the part of each and every country in accordance with its emissions and its capacities. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has, moreover, embedded this principle in its documents.
In the Copenhagen climate deal, however, the developing countries refused to accept binding measures to limit their CO2 emissions. In keeping, however, with their own specific contexts, they are setting up political initiatives which favour a reduction in their emissions.

SDC is keen on strengthening its bilateral cooperation in the domain of the climate. For instance, such countries as China, India, Peru, South Africa, Brazil, Bolivia, and Bangladesh are countries with which it cooperates in projects that simultaneously combat poverty and climate change. To cite Lord Nicholas Stern: “The two great challenges of the 21st century are the battle against world poverty and managing climate change. Unless we succeed on one, we cannot succeed on the other.”

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